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It was about a hundred years ago that Marconi invented radio communicatings (1902). By 1930, many homes in the United rural areas and Europe had an AM radio stimulater. The world changed quite a bit in the 20th one hundred. Courier 1B, (Philco), the first active communication satellite, was launched in 1960. We now faces new communication challenges. High Definition Television (HDTV), which needs a much larger bandwidth for transmission, coupled with the current demand for hundreds of television channels and the growth in Internet communications, is resulting in a communication bandwidth shortage. One tool being used to kickshaw this problem is Satellite SpotBeams. By 2010, 60% of internet TV receivers will use a Satellite signal, up from 15% in 2002.

What are Satellite online TV SpotBeams?

Until deep, communication satellites transmitted with a very broad signal. The same signal that was received in the California was from the same author as the signal that was received in New York. Satellites that are not “SpotBeams” send out a signal over very large areas, transmitting data across the USA.

SpotBeams are unlike. It is similar to a searchlight focused on one area of the country. A typical SpotBeam has a gas constant of only 50-100 miles. Depending on where you are in the country, you won’t discovery the beam unless you are in the focus. 

DirecTV and DISH Network were one of the first to use SpotBeams. The transmission of local live TV channels is ideal since a signal focused on an area was a perfect fit for the application. The SpotBeam technology is being applied on newer satellites using the Ka Band (Ka band is 19-30 GHz). There are several Ka band satellites in use that do not use SpotBeams: Advanced Communication Technology System (NASA USA), Superbird and N-STAR (Japan), HOT BIRD 6 (Eutelsat, France), DFS Kopernikus (Germany), and Italsat (Italy), but the newer, more advanced satellites are using SpotBeam technology.

Anik F2 (built by Boeing, and operated by Telesat) was launched on July 17, 2004, and began service on October 1. It is currently the world’s largest communication satellite at 157 feet long and 27 feet wide. Anik F2 provides Internet service, distance encyclopaedism, and telemedicine to the United States and Canada. 

HDTV SpotBeams

HDTV SpotBeams used by DirecTV and DISH Network (Ka-band) are often narrower in focus than the Ku band SpotBeams used for accepted Definition TV. If you live more than 50 miles from the signal promenade in a populated region, it is possible that you will not be able to receive the HDTV SpotBeam. DirecTV and DISH Network have the technical capability of transmitting a broad SpotBeam signal, especially since the newer Satellites can operate at a higher power. It makes good byplay sense for them to maximize reportage, but there are tradeoffs.

 In New England it sometimes makes sense to focus the signal more narrowly, since the SpotBeams are more densely jam-pawncked together. nevertheless, since different frequencies are used for adjacent SpotBeams, wash usually can be managed.
 

The Wagah Crossing along the India-Pakistan border hosts perhaps the most unusual sight on all the earth. It is at this small point on a map, the only border crossing between nuclear rivals India and Pakistan, that a daily evening ceremony has been performed for the last sixty-three years and counting. It is the closing of the gate, and as laughable as it is solemn.

Solemn isn’t the word one would first think of when surveying the vociferous crowds on both sides, seated on bleachers waving flags and eating snacks while shouting with babies and children in tow. The evening retreat rite, when official flags on each side of the bitter border are lowered, is a showcase in pomp and ceremony that ends in a handshake.

For all the strutting and chest-thumping, complete with screams and ferocious glares, the occassion has been able to end on a handshake for all these years a quick pro formal one, to be sure, short and machine-like to go with the staccato tempo of the martial parade.

The army tattoo involves what seem to be individual guards breaking ranks to rush at the other side in menacing goose-steps, but they always stop short of an invisible dividing line, leaving uniformed men to glower at one another through thick mustaches and, in the case of the Pakistani Rangers, full-on beards.

The action is generally very fast-paced, until the particular retreat portion when each side takes as much time as practical to withdraw with their flags. Everybody observes this popular rite with a good nature and high spirits, though every few years a slightly ugly event arises, for example the time in 2007 when some Indian spectators roared at a Pakistani passenger bus making its way across just before the gates closed, Stop terrorism! or in 2001 when a Pakistani Ranger targeted his rifle at Indian spectators.

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Military gear over the years has changed dramatically, but many things still stay the same.  You could probably say this about everything that has stood the test of time.   For example you may use a plain instead of a horse now, but in the end you are still traveling.   I wrote this article talk about the many different types of gear that past and present warriors wore in combat.

There are a multitude of traits that never change when it comes to soldier gear.   For instance, warriors will still use killing weapons and will cover themselves in gear to protect themselves from harm.   Soldiers will still participate in a hard training program and are still viewed favorably by those that they protect.

You’ll see the big variances in the way the new gear and training has developed over the years.   Warriors now have access to weapons that can crush thousands of enemies in one blow.   This has called for an advancement of training in some areas and less training in others.  It is much easier to learn how to point and shoot an assault weapon when you compare it to the skill that was needed for a successful sword battle.  Currently, basic training only makes warriors learn to shoot with their rifles for one to two weeks which compared to ancient soldiers weapon training is not very long.   Also todays soldiers do not need to be as physically fit as the soldiers that needed to wield swords after marches that may have lasted months.

Current protective gear like that of old, will protect a soldier head and torso, but differs tremendously in its protective power.   For example if a modern day soldier were to use a piece of roman armor to deflect a bullet, he would never live to see another day.   The ancient armors are best reserved for display purposes rather than combat.  Flack jackets and kevlar helmets may not stop missiles, but they will protect the average soldier much better than the heavier weaker armor of our past.

Although gear has come a long way, it will never fully reach a plateau.  The need for better soldier gear will not end until the last army has completely disbanded.

I hope you enjoyed reading this page on old and new soldier gear.   Please add a link to this page in your facebook account so that all your friends may look at it.